Module 4 – Chapters 14 - 17
1. Which of
the following was NOT influential in securing passage of the Compromise of
1850?
a. Senator
Douglas took over leadership of the pro-compromise forces.
b. The
president, who had threatened to veto the plan, died.
c. Each
bill was passed piecemeal, with different supporters.
d. Clay originally submitted the
compromise as an Omnibus Bill.
2. What city
experienced explosive growth as a result of the gold rush in California?
a. Saint
Louis
b. Sacramento
c. Salt
Lake City
d. San Francisco
3. The chapter
introduction tells the story of the Sioux migration to the Great Plains to make
the point that
a. the
American ideology of Manifest Destiny meant manifest destruction for tribal
cultures.
b. Mexican
advancement northward, as well as Anglo-American advancement westward, put
pressure on the Plains tribes.
c. frontiers were multidimensional and
mobile, involved a variety of peoples and cultures, and ultimately proved as
disruptive to the settled East as to the contested West.
d. the
United States not only had to resort to war and diplomacy to expand its
borders, it also had to cope within its borders with native peoples who
attacked the emigrants on the Overland Trail.
4. The final
Compromise of 1850, originally introduced by Henry Clay as a single
"Omnibus Bill," passed as five separate pieces of legislation. Which
of the following was NOT included?
a. California
was admitted as a free state.
b. New
Mexico was organized as a territory that could choose for itself whether to be
slave or free.
c. Slavery was abolished in the District
of Columbia.
d. Provisions
for capturing runaway slaves were strengthened.
5. The
antislavery message of the Free Soil supporters was first introduced in what
form?
a. as
a label for a new political party that attracted supporters from among both Whigs
and Democrats
b. as a proposed legislated policy: the
Wilmot Proviso
c. as
a method by which new territories would be organized in the Compromise of 1850
d. as
a lengthy essay by a widely read editor, William Lloyd Garrison
6. Plains
Indians responded to the increasing numbers of emigrants on the Overland Trail
by
a. demanding compensation from both the
government and the emigrants.
b. refusing
to trade with the emigrants.
c. attacking
the wagon trains.
d. migrating
away from the main corridor of travel.
7. ________ initiated the politics of Manifest
Destiny by pushing the annexation of the Texan Republic. He did so because, as
the first vice president to become president, he alienated his own party
leaders and had to find an issue that would attract popular support for his bid
for a second term.
a. Daniel
Webster
b. John Tyler
c. Millard
Fillmore
d. James
K. Polk
8. As the
frontier, and Anglos, moved further and further west, Mexicans who already
lived in this "new" territory had to adapt by
a. conforming
to Anglo customs and culture.
b. taking
seasonal work.
c. becoming
principally urban, especially in California.
d. All these answers are correct.
9. Which of
the following ideas was Manifest Destiny NOT based on?
a. Anglo-Saxon
racial superiority justified American absorption of inferior peoples and their
lands.
b. New
lands would extend the domain of free government and free enterprise.
c. Conquest of new territory would prove
American military superiority.
d. America
had a specially ordained mission in the world.
10. Which of
the following was NOT included in the aging Henry Clay's proposed compromise
package to "escape from crisis"?
a. admission
of California as a free state
b. admission of Texas as a slave state
c. abolition
of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
d. strengthening
of the federal fugitive slave law
11. Manifest
Destiny was a popular national creed, but there was a long-term cost. The
sectional crisis of the 1850s was precipitated not only by the rising
abolitionist movement in the North, but also by a raised by expansion to the West:
Will the
transcontinental railroad link the West to the North or to the South?
Will more
southerners or northerners settle the West?
What will be the status of
slavery in the new territories?
Will
westerners tend to vote Democrat or Whig?
12. The settlements of the Mormons in Utah
a. at
first exhibited the typical character of a raw, disproportionately male,
disorderly frontier area.
b. at
first developed as a scattered, unplanned series of refugee encampments.
c. were established as family-centered
communities dominated by church leaders.
d. were
established on land grants obtained from the federal government.
13. In the
1848 election campaign, which party set forth a clear position on the slavery issue?
a. Whig
party
b. Democratic
party
c. Free Soil party
d. All
these answers are correct.
14. The North
interpreted black codes as
a. evidence that the South sought to keep
freedmen in an economically dependent and legally inferior status.
b. evidence
that the South, by granting limited rights such as allowing jury service, was
slowly accommodating to an improved status for former slaves.
c. a
realistic solution by the South to the problems created by sudden emancipation.
d. a
dangerous experiment by the South that could lead to social equality for blacks
in the North.
15. Which of
the following is an accurate explanation of the South's "Redeemers"?
a. Gradually, conservative and racist
white Democrats regained political control in the former Confederate states.
b. A
fresh wave of evangelical revivals spread across "the Bible Belt."
c. Southern
acceptance of the end of slavery meant northern acceptance of the South as a
restored section.
d. Southern
states gradually came to experience economic prosperity and development.
16. Under new
president Andrew Johnson, presidential Reconstruction
a. would
implement a harsher program on the South than Lincoln had called for.
b. adhered
substantially to the views of congressional leaders.
c. made it possible for former
high-ranking Confederates to assume positions of power in the reconstructed
southern governments.
d. was
never implemented, because Congress passed its own program before Johnson's
could go into effect.
17. Who won
the disputed election of 1876?
a. the Republican candidate
b. the
southern candidate
c. the
candidate who received the greatest number of popular votes
d. the
candidate nominated by a breakaway reform faction of the Republican party
18. During the
war, congressional leaders felt that Lincoln's plan ________, so they passed
________.
a. would
cost them votes in the North; a program designed to attract white support in
the South
b. ignored
the reality of slavery; the Thirteenth Amendment over the president's
objections
c. was too lenient; the more stringent
Wade-Davis bill, which Lincoln vetoed
d. was
acceptable; its essential provisions, but shifted primary responsibility to
Congress
19. The
Freedmen's Bureau
a. had
as its main purpose to prevent armed clashes between former masters and former
slaves.
b. regulated working conditions for former
slaves, primarily through Freedmen's Courts.
c. was
criticized bitterly by the planter class, but consistently praised by former
slaves.
d. was
canceled by Congress over the opposition of Radicals, who saw the need for a
permanent welfare agency for African Americans.
20. Reconstruction
should be understood in all the following ways EXCEPT as a
radical, vengeful program,
imposing northern values on southerners.
program of
political and economic adjustment that failed because of racism.
time of
failure to bring blacks into the American mainstream.
time of
congressional dominance that ended in corruption and disillusionment.
21. Which of
the following was illumined by the text as a familial problem faced by some
African Americans after they were freed?
a. switching
from a matriarchal to patriarchal kinship
b. choosing
new first names
c. having multiple spouses
d. keeping
women working in the fields
22. African
Americans who held political office in southern Reconstruction governments
generally
a. alienated
whites by pushing for social equality and land reform.
b. were
more radical in their views than the black population at large.
c. manipulated
the Freedmen's Bureau to impose unequal labor contracts on white planters.
d. were educated professionals,
independent landowners, or otherwise from the ranks of black elites.
23. With the
exception of ________, the United States was the only society in the Americas
in which the destruction of slavery was accomplished by violence.
a. Barbados
b. Haiti
c. Cuba
d. Brazil
24. Which of
the following most accurately explains the meaning of the refusal of Congress
to convict Johnson?
a. Johnson's
influence in Congress was increasing.
b. The power of the Radicals in Congress
was waning.
c. The
country's support for Johnson was increasing.
d. Radicals
in Congress feared counteraction by the Supreme Court if they convicted
Johnson.
25. The
Radical Republicans in Congress approached Reconstruction with each of the
following convictions EXCEPT that
a. to heal the nation, the South should be
treated with generosity and compassion.
b. to
avoid any recurrence of southern resistance, the power of the planter class
must be destroyed.
c. to
complete the task of the war, slavery must be totally and irrevocably
abolished.
d. to
keep faith with the antislavery crusade, the rights of freedmen must be
secured.
26. During the war, women of both the North
and the South did all of the following EXCEPT
a. enter
the formerly male professions of nursing and teaching.
b. take
jobs in the growing government bureaucracies.
c. run
farms and plantations.
d. run railroads.
27. Dissidents
in one southern state created which new border state?
a. Kansas
b. Missouri
c. Western
Kentucky
d. West Virginia
28. The battle
at Antietam Creek was significant for all the following reasons EXCEPT that it
a. proved McClellan could mastermind a
victory after all.
b. provided
an occasion for Lincoln to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
c. repulsed
a Confederate invasion of the North.
d. was
the bloodiest single-day battle in the history of American warfare.
29. What was
Jefferson Davis's central problem in organizing the South for war?
a. In
a culture that prized the English country gentry, Davis was rough-hewn and
awkward.
b. In a society that prized states'
rights, Davis had to centralize authority.
c. In
a crisis that demanded tough-minded attention to military details, Davis was
more of a grand strategist.
d. In
a war that required rapid mobilization of a whole society, most ordinary folk
in the South expected a protracted conflict and hence were reluctant to enlist.
30. The Union
war effort began by implementing the strategy embodied in General Winfield
Scott's "anaconda plan," which called for
a. encircling and squeezing the
Confederacy with a naval blockade.
b. a
sudden strike against a vulnerable point of the borders of the Confederacy.
c. a
concealed and roundabout infiltration of Confederate territory west of the
Mississippi.
d. postponing
direct military operations until the North's industrial capacity could be
brought up to full military production.
31. Which of
the following is NOT an accurate statement about Civil War soldiering?
a. Northern
soldiers tended to accept army discipline more readily than southerners.
b. The lower classes of society, rather than
the typical farmer or shopkeeper, made up a disproportionate share of each
army.
c. Northern
soldiers tended to have more quantity and variety of food than southerners.
d. Camp
life both corrupted morals and provided occasions for religious revivals.
32. Which of
the following adapted most easily to military discipline and organization?
a. northern
farmer
b. urban
resident
c. textile worker
d. southern
farmer
33. Which of
the following statements accurately describes the role of cotton in the
Confederacy's effort to gain international recognition?
a. King
cotton diplomacy succeeded in winning European recognition, but not aid for the
Confederacy.
b. King
cotton diplomacy succeeded in winning substantial aid, but not recognition for
the Confederacy.
c. King cotton diplomacy failed to win
either substantial aid or recognition because of adequate cotton supplies
worldwide.
d. King
cotton diplomacy failed because neither French nor British leaders sympathized
with the Confederacy.
34. At the
beginning of the Civil War, which one of the following factors favored the
South?
a. the
transportation system
b. the
manpower pool
c. the fact that the fighting would be on
southern soil
d. the
potential for developing an industrial base to sustain the war effort
35. The
Republican Congress during the Civil War passed economic legislation that would
have warmed Henry Clay's heart, including all EXCEPT
a. a
system of nationally-chartered banks.
b. a
protective tariff.
c. a
program to underwrite the costs of public colleges.
d. the restriction of money to hard
currency (specie).
36. The
significance, militarily, of the battle of Gettysburg was that
a. the
Confederacy was cut in half.
b. Lee could never again take the
offensive as he liked to do.
c. the
victory gave Lincoln an occasion to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
d. Lee's
surrender ended the war.
37. What was
the first Union success of the war?
a. blocking
a southern invasion
b. holding
coastal forts in the South
c. holding the border states in the Union
d. winning
the first battle of Bull Run
38. In
addition to the Democratic and Republican tickets, additional presidential
candidates were fielded in 1856 by the ________ and in 1860 by the ________.
a. Whig
party; American party
b. American
party; Free Soil party
c. Southern
Democratic party; Constitutional Union party
d. American party; Constitutional Union
party
39. In his
Freeport Doctrine, Douglas defended popular sovereignty despite the Dred Scott
ruling by arguing that
a. the
Scott case was not a valid constitutional interpretation.
b. if the people of a territory refused to
pass a slave code, slavery would never be established there.
c. Americans
would stand behind congressional legislation to reverse the decision.
d. strategic
river cities that chose to ban slavery within their city limits would set the
tone for the whole territory.
40. What group
was particularly susceptible to the appeal of the Know-Nothing party?
a. southern
Whigs
b. western
farmers
c. young, native-born workers
d. the
elderly
41. Why was
the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?
a. Because
it worked to the advantage of Douglas's home state, southerners felt betrayed.
b. Because it overturned a policy on
slavery already in place, northerners felt betrayed.
c. Because
it did not provide for land grants along with territorial government,
westerners felt betrayed.
d. Because
it would attract immigrants who would vote Democrat, Whigs felt betrayed.
42. By
mid-century, the birth rate was declining, but population continued to grow.
The explanation for this paradox is also the explanation for another
development in those years, the
a. rise
of the medical and nursing professions in the United States.
b. rise of the short-lived American party.
c. Gadsden
Purchase.
d. Ostend
Manifesto.
43. What
turned the 1854 elections in Kansas from routine territorial organization into
a referendum on slavery?
a. popular sovereignty
b. the
Freeport Doctrine
c. the
Dred Scott decision
d. the
Lecompton constitution
44. The Dred
Scott decision
a. struck
down the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
b. asserted that Congress could prohibit
slavery in any territory.
c. asserted
that Congress could not ban slavery from any territory.
d. freed
Dred Scott.
45. What was the Gadsden Purchase?
a. the acquisition of a strip of Mexican
land as a railroad route
b. a
payment to Britain to clear the last jointly held area in the Oregon country
c. an
offer to buy Cuba from Spain that was rejected by Congress
d. an
agreement with Russia to obtain Alaska
46. What
weakened the natural economic and political ties of the South to the West?
a. Southerners
opposed federal aid for economic development.
b. Railroads
diverted trade from the Mississippi artery in an eastward direction.
c. Southerners opposed federal aid for
economic development, and railroads diverted trade from the Mississippi.
d. None
of these answers is correct.
47. Which
statement about the southern economy in the later 1850s is true?
a. A sense of crisis grew in the region as
the price of slaves jumped and the price of cotton remained relatively
stagnant.
b. The
progress of transportation development reoriented western trade toward New
Orleans.
c. Although
cotton's importance as an export crop declined, it remained the primary driver
of domestic economic growth.
d. As
they converted to the new agricultural machinery, southern planters found
themselves deeply in debt in a time of declining profits.
48. By 1860,
the forces that divided North from South were stronger than those that unified
the two regions. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Formerly
but no longer, a national transportation network had bound the nation together,
especially the upper Mississippi valley to the South.
b. Formerly but no longer, both North and
South had been prejudiced against African Americans.
c. Formerly
but no longer, the political system had offered the stability of two national
parties.
d. Formerly
but no longer, the sections had shared a common romantic vision of America's
destiny.
49. The
Republican party
a. quickly
won solid voter support in the elections of 1854 and 1855.
b. prospered because of northern outrage
over "Bleeding Sumner" and "Bleeding Kansas."
c. won
the presidency the first time it fielded a national ticket.
d. advocated
popular sovereignty to defuse the issue of slavery in the territories.
50. Which
statement about the Republican party is NOT true?
a. It attracted a coalition of voters
throughout the nation.
b. It
emerged from a coalition of Democrats and Whigs who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska
Act.
c. It
was a frankly sectional party pledged to the containment of slavery.
d. It
was lead by a principle that slavery degraded free labor.
