Module 3– Chapters
10 – 13
1. While the Old South was a
diverse region of the United States, it was united in all the following ways
EXCEPT in:
A.
how most white southerners believed slavery to be on the decline by the
1830s.
B.
its dependence on staple crops such as tobacco,
cotton, and rice.
C.
its dependence on the institution of slavery.
D.
how slavery was central to not only the South's
economy but also its culture and identity.
2. Which of the following was
NOT true about slavery as a labor system?
A.
Slavery was worth more in terms of investment
than all the land in the South.
B.
As slavery spread into the Deep South, wealth and power became more
equally shared among the various classes of white southerners.
C.
It was slavery that made possible the South's
"mass production" of agriculture products for export.
D.
Only a minority of southerners owned slaves.
3. The chapter introduction tells the stories
of several southerners—Colonel Daniel Jordan; a nameless Texan; Sam Williams
and his wife Nancy; Octave Johnson; and Ferdinand Steel—to make the point that:
A.
the antebellum South was marked by great diversity, but at its core it
was unified by its slave-based agricultural economy.
B.
the antebellum South had the reputation for
being unified in its views of slavery, but actually only a few in the South
actively supported the slave-based agricultural economy.
C.
the South was unique among the sections of the
U.S. because of racist attitudes and the speculative approach to farming that
characterized all classes of its citizens.
D.
the South was not much different from other
sections, except that the income of the majority of southerners came from
slave-grown cotton, while elsewhere the majority of Americans grew corn or
wheat with their own labor.
4. Which of the following was NOT an element
of the proslavery argument developed in the 1830s?
A.
None of the Biblical prophets or Christ himself
had ever condemned slavery.
B.
Slavery was an unfortunate legacy of earlier tyrannical acts of the
English Parliament and northern colonial merchants.
C.
Southern slaves lived better lives than northern
factory workers.
D.
Slaves belonged to an inferior race.
5. Nat Turner:
A.
became a leading advocate of slavery as a
"positive good."
B.
strongly defended humane treatment of slaves as
the slave owners' paternalistic obligation.
C.
led a slave revolt despite enjoying relatively humane treatment by his
master.
D.
was an escaped slave who returned to the South
to lead other runaways to freedom.
6. The upper-class plantation mistress:
A.
accepted a sexual code that kept white women
pure but tolerated sexual relations between white men and slave women.
B.
lived a life of leisure centered around artistic
and literary pursuits.
C.
enjoyed the unique luxury of criticizing her own
role in society as well as the slave system in general.
D.
faced an unexpected variety of burdensome managerial and service
duties.
7. When cotton farmers were opening up new
land for cotton cultivation, they typically planted ________ the first year
after clearing the new fields.
A.
cotton
B.
corn
C.
wheat
D.
soybeans
8. In the 1830s, reacting to Nat
Turner's rebellion and the growing abolitionist movement, southern slaveholders
developed the argument that slavery was a positive good. Which of the following
assertions was NOT part of their proslavery argument?
A.
Slavery was a beneficial status for blacks, as
they required white guardianship.
B.
Slavery was sanctioned by the Bible and history.
C.
Slavery was more consistent with the
humanitarian spirit of the age than the northern wage labor system.
D.
Slavery's opponents could build no persuasive argument against it.
9. Which of the following is NOT
evidence of the South's economic underdevelopment?
A.
The preoccupation with cotton hindered economic
diversification (such as developing internal markets or manufacturing
enterprises).
B.
The South remained a region vulnerable to market
fluctuations and beset by cultural backwardness (e.g., lack of public
education).
C.
The South remained overwhelmingly rural.
D.
The southern economy in general, and white per capita income in
particular, lagged behind that of the free states.
10. Yeoman farmers in the South:
A.
owned only a few slaves.
B.
hated the planter class.
C.
opposed slavery because it hurt them
economically.
D.
suffered from isolation, a limited market, and chronic money shortage.
11. The Virginia debate of 1832:
A.
led to a resolution declaring slavery a positive
good.
B.
caused the legislature to condemn slavery but
adopt no program to deal with it.
C.
led to the adoption of a program of gradual
emancipation.
D.
was the last significant attempt by white southerners to take action
against slavery.
12. Slaveowners made up ________
of the southern white population, but the true "planters of
consequence," with at least 50 slaves, ________.
A.
the great majority; were found only in the older
Tidewater region
B.
about half; dominated politics
C.
roughly a quarter; made up less than 1 percent of the total white
population
D.
a small minority; constituted a majority of
those slaveholders
13. In which of the following
states did slaves outnumber white southerners by the 1850s?
A.
Alabama
B.
Georgia
C.
South Carolina
D.
North Carolina
14. Daniel Webster refuted Calhoun's theory of
American government by arguing that:
A.
the Homestead Act was indeed unconstitutional.
B.
southerners should support western expansion due
to New England's growing political power.
C.
the Constitution was created by "the people" and not as a
compact among the separate states.
D.
Jackson's economic policies were at fault.
15. Which of the following was
NOT an important characteristic of politics in the age of Jackson?
A.
a dynamic expansion of presidential power and
leadership
B.
expanded political democracy and increased
participation in politics
C.
the acceptance of a party system as legitimate
D.
end of the spoils system of filling public offices with political
supporters
16. Jackson finally destroyed
the national bank by:
A.
precipitating a depression in 1833.
B.
withdrawing federal funds from it.
C.
refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing
them in selected state banks instead.
D.
refusing to accept paper money.
17. Which of the following statements
concerning the Bank of the United States is true?
A.
It was the critical issue in the 1824 election
that threw the election into the House of Representatives.
B.
In the 1820s and 1830s it was mismanaged,
unresponsive to the nation's needs, and unsuccessful in stabilizing the
currency.
C.
Andrew Jackson hated it because he thought it was an agent of special
privilege and he vetoed the bill to recharter it.
D.
The Supreme Court ruled the bank
unconstitutional.
18. In the presidential election
of 1824:
A.
John Quincy Adams won re-election to a second
term.
B.
the Whigs defeated the Democrats.
C.
the House of Representatives chose the president, because no candidate
received a majority of the popular vote.
D.
Andrew Jackson was chosen by the House of
Representatives.
19. Public interest and
involvement in politics grew in the U.S. after 1820 because of a growing:
A.
public support for equality of condition among
all members of society.
B.
conviction that government should promote the economic well-being of
society.
C.
disillusionment with the politics of
personality.
D.
fear of threats from abroad.
20. As president, John Quincy
Adams:
A.
took the lead in organizing a new political
party to undergird his reelection campaign.
B.
named Andrew Jackson as his secretary of state.
C.
negotiated a series of key diplomatic agreements
with several foreign powers.
D.
proposed a broad program of support for manufacturing, agriculture, and
the arts.
21. Jackson's popularity was
derived not only from defeating the British but also from:
A.
his respected position as a landed gentleman
slaveholder in the antebellum South.
B.
the way he "spoiled" the children of
wealthy political donors.
C.
the "common man" bond he shared with
the western people.
D.
his opening extensive tracts of Indian lands to white settlement.
22. Which of the following
statements about the nullification crisis of 1832 is FALSE?
A.
The issue under discussion was the tariff, but
the right of secession was also debated.
B.
Andrew Jackson determined that the president had
the right to use force to preserve the Union.
C.
The nullification theory, according to Calhoun,
gave the South a legal device to justify secession.
D.
Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in
completely to South Carolina's demands.
23. To reconcile the fundamental
tension between equality and opportunity, Americans in the final analysis committed
to:
A.
equality of opportunity.
B.
political equality, but economic inequality.
C.
political means to achieve the end of equal
economic conditions.
D.
equality of condition for native-born whites by
denying opportunity to blacks, Indians, and immigrants.
24. Within only two months of taking office,
President Martin Van Buren ran into trouble because of:
A.
a business panic that became a lingering depression.
B.
a diplomatic crisis with Great Britain that
favored the Whigs.
C.
the problems associated with the Trail of Tears.
D.
antislavery protests.
25. The chapter introduction
tells the story of politicians Powhatan Ellis and Franklin Plummer to make the
point that:
A.
people had strange names in the 1800s.
B.
these two men, frontiersmen who identified with
the common folk, typified the democratic-minded politician in the age of
Jackson.
C.
appealing to common folk was an effective campaign technique in an age
that prized equality and opportunity.
D.
Andrew Jackson was more a figurehead than a
really influential leader.
26. The process, championed by
John Ross, whereby the Cherokees created a constitution, adopted white ways,
and began selling their surplus crops was known as:
A.
accommodation.
B.
acculturation.
C.
acquiescence.
D.
alliteration.
27. Craftworkers such as carpenters, printers,
and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the:
A.
American Federation of Labor.
B.
Allied Craftworkers Union.
C.
National Trades' Union.
D.
Congress of Industrial Organizations.
28. The steamboat was first introduced
________ but had its greatest impact ________.
A.
from Europe; when Americans invented
improvements
B.
on the Hudson River; on western rivers
C.
as a low-cost, democratic innovation; on the
wealthy classes, who could continue to enjoy its amenities even after fares
skyrocketed
D.
with exaggerated claims as to its future
importance; in literature rather than as an economic tool
29. For their workforce, the
factories at Lowell before 1845 depended upon:
A.
children.
B.
young women.
C.
displaced farmers.
D.
migrants.
30. The accelerating growth of a national
market was due in large measure to the fact that the cost of ________ dropped
by 95% between 1825 and 1855.
A.
transportation on land
B.
construction
C.
imported goods
D.
borrowing money
31. In the years before the
Civil War, what single enterprise employed more workers than any other
enterprise in the country?
A.
Fulton's steamboat company
B.
Lowell Mills
C.
the postal system
D.
the Erie Canal Company
32. The Erie Canal:
A.
was made financially feasible by the development
of the steamboat.
B.
connected the Hudson and Ohio rivers.
C.
never repaid the original public investment, but
stimulated migration and economic growth.
D.
stimulated construction of other canals by other cities and states.
33. What was the most basic
reason so many Americans moved so much, especially to the new western lands?
A.
greater political freedom
B.
improved economic opportunity
C.
more comfortable social relationships
D.
a sense of providential destiny
34. The key component needed for
the United States to have a truly national market economy was:
A.
greater capital investment.
B.
an efficient transportation system.
C.
steam power.
D.
a modern communications system including
four-season postal roads and the telegraph.
35. A post-War of 1812 program
of economic centralization, designed to promote internal economic development,
was pushed by a group of aggressive young Republican nationalists. Which of the
following did this program NOT include?
A.
funding the war debt
B.
a protective tariff
C.
a national bank
D.
federal subsidies for public works projects
36. The chapter introduction
tells the story of clockmaker Chauncey Jerome to make the point that:
A.
clocks both made possible and symbolized the
organized routines of an industrialized society.
B.
Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered
in an expanding market economy that bound Americans together through ever more
complex and specialized ways.
C.
the intricate but comprehensible mechanism of a
clock was to become the favorite metaphor for an age that believed human reason
could discern the workings of natural law and apply those discoveries to
improving the material conditions of life.
D.
Jerome exemplifies the exploited urban laborer
who becomes a helpless victim of the forces of rapid and relentless
industrialization.
37. Which of the following is
NOT an accurate statement concerning population trends from 1790 to 1820?
A.
Population continued to grow rapidly.
B.
Natural increase accounted for virtually all of
the country's population growth.
C.
Immigration accounted for most of the population increase.
D.
Western lands absorbed most of the population
increase.
38. Which of the following did
farmers NOT begin to do in their shift toward commercial agriculture?
A.
barter goods with friends and neighbors
B.
cultivate more acres of land
C.
work longer hours
D.
adopt scientific farming methods
39. Evangelical black churches
grew in the North even as they were being suppressed in the South after 1820.
The most important of the new black independent churches was the:
A.
African Catholic Church of America.
B.
American Baptist Church for Blacks.
C.
African Methodist Episcopal Church.
D.
African-American Baptist Church.
40. What reform effort suffered
a temporary political defeat through the gag rule?
A.
the anti-drinking crusade
B.
the abolitionist drive to petition Congress against slavery
C.
the movement to improve prison conditions
D.
the campaign for women's suffrage
41. Who supported women's
education and argued that women exercised power as moral guardians of the
nation's future?
A.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
B.
Catharine Beecher
C.
Lyman Beecher
D.
Isabella Beecher
42. Why was the loose network of
antislavery sympathizers who conveyed runaway slaves north to freedom known as
the Underground Railroad?
A.
The route was primarily by subway in the major
eastern cities.
B.
Runaway slaves were directed by conductors from one "station"
to the next.
C.
Slaves traveled in secret compartments in
Pullman sleeping cars, whose only access was from below the car.
D.
Many of the segments north were through secret
tunnels constructed to bypass major roads.
43. The writer generally
identified as the leader of New England Transcendentalism (especially its
individualist expression) was:
A.
James Fenimore Cooper.
B.
Ralph Waldo Emerson.
C.
Charles Grandison Finney.
D.
Lyman Beecher.
44. The chapter introduction
tells the story of Lyman Beecher and his offspring to make the point that:
A.
nineteenth-century preachers often stressed the
wickedness of American society.
B.
while the Beecher family stood for older values
and tried to halt the rapid changes in American society, other Americans sought
to harness change to bring about a more perfect society.
C.
zealous evangelical Protestants sought to hasten the coming of Christ's
kingdom on earth through diverse strategies for reforming society.
D.
Transcendentalist Beecher represented the more
secular, Romantic side of a quest for an improved society that characterized
America in the 1820s and 1830s.
45. Which of the following is
NOT an accurate statement about Mormonism?
A.
Like the liberal theology of Finney, Mormonism
placed little emphasis on predestination and proclaimed that salvation was
available to all.
B.
Mormons believed in a strict separation of church and state.
C.
Mormon culture upheld middle-class values such
as hard work, thrift, and self-control.
D.
Mormons taught that Christ would return to rule
the earth.
46. Which of the following is
NOT an accurate statement concerning the significance of the Second Great
Awakening?
A.
Evangelical Protestantism became the dominant
form of Christianity in America.
B.
It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in
America at the time.
C.
It emphasized the ability of anyone to attain
salvation.
D.
It reinforced the dominant American belief in
equality and democracy.
47. Who was the person who
founded modern revivalism?
A.
Harriett Stowe
B.
Lyman Beecher
C.
George Whitefield
D.
Charles Grandison Finney
48. The temperance movement was
predominantly led by what group?
A.
the Anti-Alcohol League
B.
women
C.
the clergy
D.
politicians
49. Seneca Falls, New York, was
the site of:
A.
George Ripley's Brook Farm.
B.
Charles Grandison Finney's greatest revival.
C.
the first major women's rights convention.
D.
Lane Seminary.
50. Which of the following
statements is the most accurate with regard to the temperance movement?
A.
Temperance was the most divisive political issue
of the mid-nineteenth century.
B.
By increasing party switching and attracting new voters, the temperance
issue played a major role in the collapse of the Jacksonian party system.
C.
One remarkable aspect of the temperance movement
was how it brought women to the polls in dramatically high numbers.
D.
Temperance advocates were finally energized to
action in the early 1840s, when it had become apparent that drinking in
American society was still on the rise.
